RO
Reverse osmosis (RO) is used to reduce dissolved solids from feed waters with salinities of up to 45,000 ppm TDS (total dissolved solids). Municipal and industrial facilities are able to use RO permeate to consistently supply pure drinking water. RO permeate can also be used to treat high purity drinking water for industrial uses such as in microelectronics, food and beverage, power, and pharmaceutical facilities. The technology is also effective at removing bacteria, pyrogens, and organic contaminants.
The RO separation technology is used to remove dissolved impurities from water through the use of semi-permeable membranes. The RO process is the reversal of flow through a membrane from a high salinity, or concentrated, solution to the high purity, or permeate, stream on the opposite side of the membrane. Pressure is used as the driving force for the separation. The applied pressure (P) must be in excess of the osmotic pressure of the dissolved contaminants to allow flow across the membrane..
GTM
Gas transfer membrane (GTM) contactors are used for degassing liquids in many industries worldwide such as microelectronics, pharmaceuticals, and power. Used primarily for removing dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide from water, gas transfer membranes are also well suited for specialty applications such as ammonia stripping. For over ten years, GTM contactors have gradually replaced alternate technologies such as vacuum degasifiers, forced draft degasifiers, and oxygen scavengers.
CWT uses Liqui-Cel GTM contactors manufactured by Membrana. The membrane is a polypropylene hollow fiber available in two distinct formulations to suit specific applications. The X-40 fiber is suitable for dissolved oxygen removal, while the X-50 fiber is appropriate for carbon dioxide removal. Although either fiber will remove dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide, they operate more efficiently when matched to its specific application. The X-IND is the third fiber, which is actually the X-50 fiber in a less expensive housing. This makes it cost effective for carbon dioxide removal in the makeup portion of an application for the microelectronics or power industries.
Major Benefits of CWT GTM Technology include:
-Cost effectiveness (or efficiencies) of redundant units
-Low installation cost
-Lowest total cost of ownership
-Performance equal to or better than other technologies
-Smaller footprint compared to degasifier towers
Depending on the desired degree of gas removal, one of the following operating modes can be selected:
Sweep mode - A sweep gas (nitrogen or air) is applied to the lumen side (inside) of the membrane.
Vacuum mode - A vacuum is pulled on the lumen side of the membrane to effect stripping of the dissolved gas.
Combo mode - A combination of sweep gas and vacuum are applied to the lumen side of the membrane. This mode of operation is capable of bringing effluent dissolved oxygen levels down to <1 ppb (using N2 as the sweep gas).
Here are pictures from customers that currently use the CWT GTM:
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UF
Ultra filtration (UF) is a pressure-driven technology commonly used to remove suspended solids, bacteria, and viruses. UF provides a physical barrier to pathogens in potable water production. In addition to producing a very high level of purity and low Silt Density Index (SDI) product, UF offers a pretreatment alternative for surface water, seawater, and biologically treated municipal effluent, regardless of the incoming water quality. UF has a small footprint and low chemical consumption relative to other conventional and high quality pretreatment processes. This pretreatment process is used prior to reverse osmosis (RO) and other membrane systems such as electro dialysis reversal (EDR).?
CWT's UF delivers:
-Consistent, superior water quality regardless of feed quality variations
-Dead-end operation resulting in low energy consumption
-Greater than 6 log (99.9999%) removal of cryptosporidium and Giardia Lamblia
-Highest certified removal of viruses - 4 log (99.99%)
-Low chemical consumption
-Permeate SDI15 less than 3
-Small system footprint and compact arrangement
-Proven membrane life
Unlike other microfiltration and ultra filtration products on the market today, CWT's UF employs technology with X-Flow hollow fiber membrane that has over eight years of operating experience. Customers can depend on CWT's UF systems to consistently deliver water of high quality whether it is in the treatment of potable water, or for pretreatment prior to other membrane processes.
Regardless of application size, there is a CWT UF system to fit your needs.
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